甘肃北山大山头铜镍矿化基性-超基性岩成矿潜力研究

为了研究甘肃北山大山头含铜镍硫化物基性、超基性岩的成矿潜力,通过野外调查和室内综合对比研究,取得如下 认识及成果:(1)大山头岩体侵位于前寒武系中深变质碎屑岩与片麻状花岗岩中,为多期次侵位的杂岩体,早期以中细粒辉 长岩岩基为主,晚期为橄榄苏长辉长岩-二辉橄榄岩相基性-超基性岩,岩体分异明显,橄榄二辉岩全岩铜镍矿化(Cu 含量 0.08%~0.46%,Ni 含量 0.2%~0.37% ):(2)岩体常量和微量元素具岛弧基性超基性岩浆特征(例如岩体亏损高场强元素 Nb, Ta,Ti,Hf 及 Y 和 P,富集大离子亲石元素 Ba,Rb,Th,U,K 及 La 等);(3)磁法异常与岩体地表矿化一致,电法结果显示 岩体深部矿化更好(最大磁场强度值 600nT,视极化率(ηs)显示最大值可达 7.5%~12.1%);(4)岩体岩石地球化学特征与金川、 喀拉通克、红旗岭等相似,与甘肃黑山一致。因此,大山头有望成为储量规模不亚于甘肃黑山的铜镍硫化物矿床。     

塔里木盆地多期改造-晚期定型复合构造与油气战略选区

受关键构造变革期制约,叠合盆地具有分期差异变形特征。从变形角度分析,塔里木盆地可以追溯出5期主要的构造改造作用,即加里东中期、加里东晚期-海西早期、海西晚期、印支-燕山期和喜马拉雅期,并影响塔里木盆地的发展演化历史。通过对塔北、塔中和库车已知油气聚集区解剖表明:古生代多期改造形成的断裂、褶皱、隆升、剥蚀和岩溶作用,对台盆区巨型海相碳酸盐岩古岩溶油气藏的形成具有重要的控制作用;中、新生代多期改造过程,对前陆褶皱-冲断带大规模油气聚集成藏具有重要的控制作用;这些已知油气聚集区带都是在喜马拉雅晚期最终定型的,总体构成多期改造-晚期定型复合构造油气聚集模式。综合分析了塔里木新区分期差异构造变形特征,在此基础上,依据叠合盆地多期改造-晚期定型构造模式,对塔里木新区进行了区块评价和油气战略选区,认为巴楚隆起、麦盖提斜坡和西昆仑山前褶皱-冲断带是近期油气勘探突破的首选地区,塔东地区、塘古巴斯坳陷和阿瓦提断陷具有良好的油气勘探前景。     

青藏铁路沙害及其防治研究进展

青藏铁路是中国乃至世界上海拔最高、穿越沙漠冻土的高原铁路。建成以来风沙危害日趋严重,成为危及铁路安全运营的一大隐患,因此,沿线的风沙防治一直备受关注。由于青藏高原风力强劲,沙物质丰富加上人类活动的影响,铁路沙害呈现出分布相对集中,冻融与风力、水力复合侵蚀,不断发展并持续累积,风沙活动稳定性差等特点。沙害分为路基风蚀、道床积沙、磨蚀等类型。累计有轻度、中度、严重沙害路段440 km,主要分布在锡铁山、伏沙梁、红梁河、秀水河-北麓河、沱沱河、通天河、扎加藏布、错那湖等8个路段。目前铁路沙害防治以机械措施为主,在设置初期有一定的防沙效果,但随着时间的推移,最终会被积沙埋没而失效。因此,青藏铁路防沙应以生物措施（恢复植被）为主,机械措施为辅。     

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.     

The Yanshanian Orogeny and Two Kinds of Yanshanides in Eastern-Central China

The Tan-Lu Fault was once a transform fault in the Paleotethys, west of which was the Qinling-Dabie Ocean separating the Yangtze Craton from the North China Craton, and east of which was the Su-Lu Ocean separating the Su-Wan Block from the Jiao-Liao Craton. The Qinling-Dabie Ocean closed in the Indosinian orogeny, which created the China-Southeast Asia Subcontinent, with the Tan-Lu Fault becoming a marginal shear zone along the newly-formed amalgamated subcontinent. The Su-Lu Ocean subducted partly in the Indosinian.orogeny, but not closed. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Su-Wan Block drifted northwards with subduction of the Su-Lu Ocean and moved westwards to converge the subcontinent by sinistral sheafing of the ENE-striking fractures. The Su-Lu Ocean finally closed and the Su-Wan Block collided with the Jiao-Liao Craton in the Early Cretaceous, which constituted a part of the magnificent interplate Yanshanides. The interplate orogeny rejuvenated the fossil sutures and deep fractures, as well as the Indosinian orogen, and the intraplate （intracontinental） Yanshanian orogeny occurred in the subcontinent. The East Asia Yanshanides, consisting of the interplate orogens in the outer side and the intraplate orogens in the inner side, collapsed quickly in the latest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The eastern China area entered a tensile period from the Eogene, and the tectonic differentiation between the central and eastern China areas since the Jurassic was further strengthened.     

Neoproterozoic Molar-tooth Structure and Constraint of Depositional Facies and Environment in the North China Platform in Jiangsu, Anhui and Liaoning, Eastern China

Molar tooth structure （MTS） represented by complex ptygmatical shapes is widely distributed in the Proterozoic of the world. MTS filled by fine, equant sparry calcite （or dolomite） displays an abrupt contact with hosting rocks, which are mainly composed of carbonaceous micrites and fine-grained carbonates with local silts and stormdominated deposits with graded, cross or wave beddings, numerous erosional surfaces and truncated and fills or guttered bases. Occurrence of MTS suggests a result of the constraint of sedimentary facies, and the storm-base in ramp settings is the maximum depth for the formation of MTS. Vertical succession of MTS-bearing carbonates shows a deposition stacked by high-frequency shallow subtidal and peritidal cycles. An individual cyclic MTS-bearing sequence is characterized by thinning, shallowing and dynamic decreasing-upward, and peritidal caps of purple red iron and organic carbonaceous sediments with more complicated shapes of MTS are common on the top of individual MTS-bearing sequences.     

Extreme Enrichment of Tellurium in Deep-Sea Sediments

Tellurium is a sort of scattered rare element on the earth. Its concentration is very low in earth＇s crust, only 1.0 ng/g. However, it has extremely high abundance in Co-rich crusts, marine polymetallic nodules, deep-sea sediments and aerolites. To find out the origin of tellurium enrichment in deep-sea sediments, we analyzed and compared tellurium concentrations and helium isotope compositions in the magnetic parts and those in the bulk parts of deep-sea sediments. The result indicates that the helium content, 3He/4He ratio and tellurium concentration are obviously higher in the magnetic parts than those in the bulk parts. The 3He abundance varies synchronously with the tellurium concentration. 3He and Te have a distinct positive correlation with each other. It is the first time that the paper brings forward that the extreme enrichment of tellurium in deep-sea sediments, like helium isotope anomalies, probably results from the input of interplanetary dust particles （IDPs）. Similarly, the extreme enrichment of tellurium in marine polymetallic nodules and Co-rich crusts is possibly related to IDPs.     

基于树形结构的地震数据库系统设计方法

地震观测数据的大量增长给数据管理提出了新的要求. 本文将树形结构引入到数据库设计中, 提出了基于树形结构设计关系数据库的方法. 该方法简单、 直观、 易于数据的组织, 可以简化数据库的设计过程. 在ldquo;长江三峡工程诱发地震监测系统地震监测总站数据库rdquo;设计中应用了该方法, 并取得了良好的效果.